The Russian Trotter was developed in Russia and is bred mainly in the Moscow area. The Russian Trotter is a rather new breed just being recognized in 1949. Beginning in 1890 until the start of the First World War the Orlov Trotter was used as base stock and crossbred to the imported American Standardbreds to develop the Russian Trotter. The Russian breeders did this to improve the performance of their horses if they wanted to compete internationally and have any chance of doing well. The offspring that were produced were faster and smaller than the Orlov Trotter. The breeding continued to try to improve the conformation and size. After the First World War there were no longer imports so the Russian Trotter was interbred with crossing back to the Orlov Trotter also. The breeders developed three types of the Russian Trotter: the thick type, the medium type, and the sporting type. The thick type was stocky like a heavy horse, long back, short legs, and a sounder constitution. The medium type was lighter, active, and used for light farm work. The sporting type is light but muscular and is what the modern Russian Trotter is like today.The modern Russian Trotter stands on average 15.3 to 16 hh and is quick to mature. This breed reaches maturity at 4 years of age. The Russian Trotter head is plain, with a straight profile, muscular legs, and sound hooves. There are some failings in conformation including sickle-hocks and over sloped croups. The Russian Trotters action is low and long and they are much faster than the Orlov Trotter. The Russian Trotters are used in the harness racing sport and can be considered a moderate performer.