The Orlov Trotter originated in the former USSR in the province of Voronezh in the Khrenov Stud. Count Alexis Grigorievitch Orlov developed this breed in 1788 when he crossed a white Arabian stallion, Smetanka, to Dutch, Mecklenburg, Danish, and Arabian mares. The Orlov Trotter was used in trotting races but lacked in speed and could not attain the speed of the American Standardbred. The Orlov Trotter was used to produce a new breed of horse that would trot faster by crossbreeding with the Standardbred. This new breed was called the Russian Trotter and was recognized in 1949. The modern Orlov Trotter stands on average 16 hh and is not flawless conformationally. The Orlov Trotter may have a plain head, set high neck, high withers, and long back, long legs, with strong quarters. The Orlov Trotter is a racing trotter and also works under harness. The Orlov Trotter is still under transition with emphasis placed on keeping the height of the horse but improving the conformation and tendon strength.