The Miyako originated on the Miyako Island in Japan. The Okinawa Prefecture on Miyako Island has been breeding these horses for centuries. The Miyako small horses were crossed with larger stallions to increase their size during World War II. The small horses increased in size due to this crossbreeding to about 14 hh and were used for farming. The Miyako bear a resemblance to the ancient Mongolian horses. These horses were mainly used for light draft work and for riding. The Miyako population was about 10,000 horses in 1955 and due to modernization the Miyako rapidly declined. There were efforts made in 1975 to help preserve these horses but as of 1988 there were only 11 Miyako horses remaining.