The Kustanai was bred and developed at the Kustanai and Maikulski studs in the steppes of western Kazakhstan between 1887 and 1951. This breed was obtained by crossbreeding the local Kazakh steppe horses with Stralets, Astrakhan, Don and half-bred Thoroughbred stallions. By the 1930s two types of the Kustanai were being bred, the saddle type and the steppe type. The saddle type was crossbred with mostly Thoroughbred influence. The steppe type was crossbred with Kazakh, Thoroughbred, Don, and other breeds. The Kustanai horses are found in the southern Kazakhstan, south of Chelvabinsk, and in Kustanai region. Today the Kustanai is a large horse with a deep chest and sturdy build. The Kustanai has great speed, endurance and works well in harness, pulling, and racing. The Kustanai has life expectancy usually exceeding 20 years.